リスクの概念に基づく避難安全設計手法の開発
統計データに基づく設計許容避難リスクの算出
建物用途毎の出火率や防火対策の効果を考慮した複数の火災シナリオを考慮することを目的として，リスクの概念に基づく避難安全設計手法の開発を行っている。本報では，出火後に拡大する放火以外の火災（成長火災）において煙に曝された死傷者を避難リスクと定義し，統計データを用いた各用途の避難リスクの算出により，各用途の避難安全性の水準が用途間で異なることを明らかにした。また，出火率の違いを考慮し，建築物の床面積に応じた各用途の設計許容避難リスクの算出式を提案し，許容避難リスクの基準値を用途ごとに設定した場合，同一の基準を設定した場合の設計許容避難リスクの算出を行った。
| キーワード： | 避難安全，避難リスク，統計分析，性能評価 |
＊１ 技術センター 建築技術研究所 防災研究室
＊２ 清水建設（株）
＊３ （株）大林組
＊４ 京都大学
Development of Evacuation Safety Design Method based on Risk Concept
Statistics-based Calculation of Acceptable Evacuation Risk for Evacuation Safety Design of Buildings
This paper describes the development of an evacuation safety design method based on the risk concept. The method considers the number of hazardous fires per floor area in each building type, as well as multiple-fire scenarios. This paper defines evacuation risk as the number of casualties exposed to smoke from a fire hazard. We suggest calculating the acceptable evacuation risk of the design according to the floor area of the building. The evacuation risks for several building types are calculated using statistical data. The results show that the standards for evacuation safety are dependent on the building type. The acceptable evacuation risks for fire safety design can be calculated in either of two ways: from a specific value for each building type, or from a uniform value for each building type. We will improve the standard value for acceptable evacuation risk for fire safety design, since it should be the same as the standard in existing regulations.
| Keywords: | Evcauation Safety, Evacuation Risk, Statistical Analysis, Performance-based Design |
*1 Disaster Prevention Research Section, Building Engineering Research Institute, Technology Center
*2 Shimizu Corporation
*3 Obayashi Corporation
*4 Kyoto University
