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LESによる実験用実大トンネルの火災時煙流動の解析

中濱 慎司*1・加藤 信介*2・山田 常圭*2・坂本 成弘*3・道越 真太郎*1・森川 泰成*4

本研究では,実験専用の実大トンネルを対象に,縦流換気の有無,発熱速度の大きさをパラメータとしたLESによる煙流動解析を行い,①予測精度の検証,②火源から下流側における煙流動性状の特性把握を行い,以下の結果を得た。
(1)格子解像度による解析結果への影響を把握するため,実験値と解析値の散布図を求め,その差異について標準偏差を算定した。その結果,火源近傍の格子幅約0.1mのケース3が,最も標準偏差が小さい。
(2)温度及び風速性状,煙先端の移動速度等を実験値と比較し,解析の予測精度の検証を行った。その結果,煙層と空気層の二層化,換気時の煙層内の温度勾配の違いといった煙流動性状の違いを解析で再現出来た。

キーワード:  トンネル火災,煙流動,ラージ・エディ シミュレーション

*1 技術センター 建築技術研究所 防災研究室
*2 東京大学
*3 技術センター 建築技術開発部 ニューフロンティア技術開発室
*4 技術センター 建築技術研究所

Large Eddy Simulation of Smoke Flow in a Full-scale Tunnel Fire Experiment

Shinji NAKAHAMA*1, Shinsuke KATO*2, Tokiyoshi YAMADA*2, Shigehiro SAKAMOTO*3, Shintaro MICHIKOSHI*1 and Yasushige MORIKAWA*4

This study analyzed smoke flow in a full-scale tunnel fire experiment using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The study was done to 1) evaluate the accuracy of predicted smoke flows and 2) clarify the characteristics of smoke flowing from a fire’s origin to areas downstream of the tunnel. The latter was accomplished by changing various parameters, such as velocity (with and without) and the scale of the heat release rate. The results of the study are as follows.
(1) The standard distributions of difference between the values from the experiment and those from the analysis were calculated in order to understand the influence of the mesh size on the analysis results. The standard distribution was small for case 3, which used a mesh size close to 0.1 m near the fire origin.
(2) The temperature and velocity data from the experiment and the analysis were compared using LES, and the accuracy of the analysis’ prediction was evaluated. LES was able to reproduce the same smoke flow conditions observed in the experiment, such as the two-layer flow and the temperature gradient under air ventilation.

Keywords:  tunnel fire, smoke flow, Large Eddy Simulation

*1 Disaster Prevention Research Section, Building Engineering Research Institute, Technology Center
*2 The University of Tokyo
*3 Advanced Technology Development Section, Building Technology Development Department, Technology Center
*4 Building Engineering Research Institute, Technology Center