事務所の避難安全設計火源に関する研究

　事務所ビルを対象に，建物内の可燃物特性とスプリンクラーの火災抑制効果を反映した避難安全設計火源の構築を目的とし，事務所ビルの可燃物実態調査，代表的可燃物燃焼実験，スプリンクラーを用いた実際の事務所のレイアウトに基づく実大可燃物燃焼実験を行った．
　本研究において以下の知見を得た．1）執務室内のプラスチック系可燃物の量は，20年前の可燃物調査結果に比べ，OA機器の普及等により増大した．2）火災初期段階には，木質系可燃物の量よりもプラスチック系可燃物の量や配置の影響が大きい．3）スプリンクラーが作動した場合は，机下等の水のかからない場所の燃焼は継続したが，火災を出火ユニットに抑制できる．
　本研究は大成建設，清水建設，鹿島建設の3社共同研究として実施した．

A Study on Design Fires for Means of Egress in Office Buildings

The objective of the study is to establish the design fire for egress calculations taking into account the characteristics of combustibles as well as the sprinklers' fire suppression capabilities. We conducted: fuel load surveys, office furniture fire tests, and full-scale fire experiments representing typical office rooms.
The results showed that: 1) The quantity of plastic combustibles in the office space was increased over the past some 20 years due to the increased use of office automation equipment such as PCs, printers, copiers, etc.; 2) In the initial stage of a fire, the influence of the quantity and the arrangement of plastic combustibles is greater than that of the quantity of wooden combustibles; 3) Although combustion in the areas where the water did not reach (such as the space beneath the desk) continued when the sprinklers operated, the fire could be confined within a fire unit.
This research was carried out as a three-company joint research of Taisei, Shimizu, and Kajima Corporations.